Read the attachment and follow all instructions for the assignment. everything you need to successfully complete both assignments is attached below. The first is the literature review created that was based on the mission statement which will be the second attachment. the rest of the attachments are all the assignments created leading up to the final project they all correlate to each other and will be places in order from first to last. the second to last attachment is the final project assignment directions. “The final project assignment builds upon all of the previous assignments, in which you determined a health condition and priority population, conducted a basic needs assessment, composed a mission statement, developed program goals and project objectives, selected a theory (or theories) that guided your development of a health intervention, and identified and developed an activity that supports the desired outcomes. Based on all the information that you found in your research over the semester and the feedback you received on your assignments, you will now compose a fully developed written description of your project. Please see the outline below for a rough idea of what I’d like to see in the final project. Due to the range of projects you all have selected, the specific sections will vary among papers.” the last attachment will be a sample paper of how the final project should look like. please make sure to read every attachments and eery requirements on the final project assignment attachment (second to last attachment).
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Project Assignment 2
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Project Assignment 2
Mission Statement
Lung cancer’s health-seeking behavior allows victims or lung cancer patients to seek
medical intervention. So, health-seeking behavior in lung cancer includes a long-standing cough
that only worsens with time, persistent breathlessness, coughing blood, pain when breathing or
coughing, and recurring chest infections. Individuals who show these symptoms should always
seek medical help since they could be having lung cancer. Unexplainable weight loss and
persistent tiredness or lack of energy are other reasons that could drive a person to seek health
consultation or medical help for lung cancer. The priority population for this study is middle
eastern men aged between 25 to 40 years.
Background on Health Condition and Priority Population
Lung cancer is one of the most fatal, serious, and common types of cancer in the world
today. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identifies it as the third most diagnosed
cancer in the United States in both men and women. Understandably, lung cancer tops the list of
the leading causes of cancer death globally, contributing to a significant percentage of all global
cancer deaths. Yearly, more people die from lung cancer than any other type of cancer. However,
recent trends indicate that lung cancer’s prevalence and mortality rates continue to decline partly
because more people are realizing the negative health impacts of smoking and are quitting the
deadly habit. Malhotra et al. (2016), Chen and Wu (2020), and Huang et al. (2022) underlined
smoking as the leading cause of lung cancer globally. The CDC further identifies cigarette and
tobacco smoking as the leading risk factors for lung cancer in the U.S., linking to about 80 to 90
percent of lung cancer deaths reported in the country annually. According to the CDC, tobacco
smoke includes a mixture of at least 7,000 toxic chemicals that, when introduced into the lungs,
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increase the smoker’s susceptibility to developing lung cancer. Concisely, lung cancer is a fatal
type of cancer mainly caused by long-term cigarette or tobacco smoking.
The priority population of this study is middle eastern men aged between 25 to 40 years.
Understandably, men aged between 25 to 40 years are the most vulnerable population to lung
cancer since they find smoking a lifestyle. This lifestyle becomes a habit and an addiction, with
quitting becoming hard. Besides, men are the most vulnerable group than women. Men are the
most prone due to their daily undertakings and the nature of their work. Men comprise the largest
percentage of the population that work in environments with heavy metals, chemicals, asbestos,
and silica, which are also significant causes of lung cancer. Typically, this study’s target or
priority population is at a higher risk of lung cancer due to their lifestyle and occupation.
Why Lung Cancer is a Health Problem
Lung cancer is a serious health problem due to several reasons. One reason that shows
lung cancer is a serious health problem is its high prevalence rate. The CDC identifies lung
cancer as one of the most common types of cancer globally and the second most diagnosed
cancer in the U.S. This means that its prevalence rate in the U.S. and globally is high, making it a
serious health problem and concern. Lung cancer’s mortality rate also indicates that the condition
is a serious health problem and concern. The CDC underlines that smokers are 15 or 30 times
more likely to die from lung cancer than nonsmokers. Hence, with high prevalence and death
rates, lung cancer is a serious health concern and problem.
Successful, Unsuccessful, and Existing Programs and Interventions
The priority population needs assistance in reducing their susceptibility to lung cancer.
Some of the programs and interventions put in place are proving to be beneficial and successful
since more people are quitting smoking and adopting healthy and good lifestyle choices. The
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other programs yet to be implemented are more likely to be successful and beneficial since they
have succeeded in other areas. Health education programs have been introduced to help smokers
and addicts reduce smoking and avert the vice. Free health consultations have been successful
with other health conditions; therefore, they are also more likely to be effective in helping the
priority population. This initiative can help in the early diagnosis of lung cancer to reduce lung
cancer death rates among middle eastern men aged between 25 to 40 years. Annual screening or
examinations for lung cancer in the priority population will also contribute to their overall
betterment. The U.S. Preventive Service Task Force (USPSTF) has emphasized that annual
screening for lung cancer in grownups can facilitate early diagnosis of the condition, leading to
timely prevention, treatment, and better outcomes. Furthermore, online ads addressing lung
cancer’s health risks will help educate society. Additionally, free health education seminars for
workers, especially in the workplace, addressing the prevention of lung cancer and the dangers of
smoking will benefit the priority population.
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References
Chen S, Wu S. Identifying Lung Cancer Risk Factors in the Elderly Using Deep Neural
Networks: Quantitative Analysis of Web-Based Survey Data,
https://www.jmir.org/2020/3/e17695/
Huang J, et.al (2022), Distribution, Risk Factors and Temporal Trends for Lung Cancer
Incidence and Mortality, A Global Analysis, https://journal.chestnet.org/article/S00123692(22)00017-4/fulltext
Lung Cancer Screening,
https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lung-cancerscreening
Malhotra, J et. al (2016), Risk factors for lung cancer worldwide,
https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/48/3/889
What is Lung Cancer? https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/basic_info/what-is-lung-cancer.htm
Lung Cancer Prevention Program for Middle Eastern Men
Name
Institution Affiliation
Course Name
Instructor
Date
Health Education Program: Goal and Objectives
This assignment requires you to state your program’s mission statement, goals, and objectives based
upon your literature review. Please ensure that your goals and objectives are SMART and supported by
the literature! You must have three program goals, three project objectives, and nine health education
objectives!
Mission Statement:
To reduce lung cancer susceptibility and death rate among Middle Eastern men aged
between25 to 40 years in Harris County, Texas, by providing them a health education
intervention focusing on lung cancer risk factors, signs and symptoms, and ways of preventing
the development of lung cancer.
1. Program Goal: Raise the percentage of the target population members who are
aware of lung cancer risk factors, signs and symptoms, and ways of preventing the
development of lung cancer.
Project Objective: To raise lung cancer awareness to about 40% of the members
of the priority group by the end of 2022.
Health Education Objective(s):
• Upon completion of the program, at least 95% of the participants
will be able to list three lung cancer risk factors.
• Upon completion of the program, at least 80% of the participants
will be able to list four lung cancer signs and symptoms.
• Upon completion of the program, at least 95% of the participants
will be able to list two ways of preventing lung cancer.
2. Program Goal: To ensure that more members of the target population adopt
lifestyle choices that help prevent lung cancer.
Project Objective: To reduce the lung cancer infection rate among the priority
group members by 20% by the end of 2023.
Health Education Objective(s):
• Upon completion of the program, at least 90% of the participants
from the priority group will be able to state two of their lung cancer
risk factors.
• Upon completion of the program, at least 90% of the target group
will be able to state three good lifestyle choices that can help them
reduce their lung cancer risk.
•
One month after the intervention, at least 80% of the participants
will be able to discuss three lifestyle changes that they have made
to reduce the risk of cancer susceptibility.
3. Program Goal: To increase annual lung cancer screening among target population
members.
Project Objective: By 2023, the annual lung cancer screening rate will increase
by 25% among members of the target group.
Health Education Objective(s):
• Upon completion of the program, at least 90% of the participants
will state two reasons for undergoing lung cancer screening
annually.
• Upon completion of the program, at least 95% of the participants
will
• In a follow-up call after three months, at least 10% of the
participants will report having undergone lung cancer screening.
Mays karzone
June 10, 2022
HLT4310
LUNG CANCER IN MIDDLE EASTERN MEN
Nowadays, lung cancer is one of the most serious and common types of cancer in the world. According to
www.cdc.gov, it is the second most diagnosed cancer in the United States in both men and women. Cigarette
smoking is one of the top causes of lung cancer worldwide. Cigarette smokers and second hand smokers
account for almost 80-90% risk of having lung cancer and deaths. This program aims to educate and target
lung cancer in middle eastern men ages 25-40. Articles were researched to identify certain risk factors and
major findings in acquiring lung cancer.
PART I
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Health Condition:
Article Title
Authors and
Publication Year
Risk Factors
Risk Factors
for Lung
Cancer
Worldwide
Jyoti Malhotra,
Matteo Malvezzi ,
Eva Negri , Carlo La
Vecchia and Paolo
Boffetta (2016)
Tobacco smoking
Occupational exposures
Genetic Susceptibility
Major Findings
●
●
●
Tobacco smoking
accounts as the most
common risk factor of
lung cancer. According
to the study, the risk of
smokers to that among
non-smokers is at 20 to
50 fold
According to the article,
positive family history
for lung cancer showed
high risk of early onset
lung cancer.
The study showed that
occupational lung
carcinogens mainly
asbestos, silica, radon,
heavy metals and
polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons account
for 14.5% overall
population and 12.5%
men in France to be at
risk for lung cancer,
Identifying
Lung Cancer
Risk Factors
in the Elderly
Using Deep
Neural
Networks:
Quantitative
Analysis of
Web-Based
Survey Data
Chen S, Wu S (2020)
Demographic factors
Environmental Factors
Tobacco Smoking
●
The study showed that
smoking frequency was
the leading risk factor of
lung cancer between
ages of men 65 years
and older. This age
group has the higher
rate of lung cancer
incidence among
stratified groups mainly
the non-smokers.
Distribution,
Risk Factors
and Temporal
Trends for
Lung Cancer
Incidence and
Mortality, A
Global
Analysis
Huang J, Yungyang
D, Mang ST, Elcarte
E, Withers M, Wong
M (Jan, 2022)
Smoking
Exposure to chemicals and
heavy metals
Age, Region and Sex
●
The results of this study
showed differences in
tobacco epidemic
wherein smoking was
accounted for almost
80% lung cancer deaths
among men and 50% in
women
A study based on
National Health
Interview Surveys
showed smoking
cessation rates were
higher in older males
than female
Identificatio
of Genetic
Variants
Associated
with SexSpecific
Lung-Cancer
Risk
●
Shi X, Young S,
Morahan G (Dec,
2021)
X chromosomes
Sex specific influences
Genetic factors
●
This study showed
potential genetic
variants associated with
sex-specific lung cancer
risk.
Modifiable risk Beata Świątkowska,
factors for the
(2007)
prevention of
lung cancer
Smoking
Diet
Alcohol consumption
●
According to the result
of the study, it showed
that smoking is the
major factor for lung
cancer risk. Exposure to
tobacco and social class
may also contribute to
the occurrence of the
disease.
PART II
ASSESSMENT
I.
The priority population of this study are middle eastern men ages 25-40. Men are the most
susceptible population due to the higher population of men who are into tobacco smoking.
Furthermore, men are much prone to heavy metals, chemicals, asbestos and silica due to their nature
of work. According to a study by Tolwin et,al (2020), 73.8% per 100 thousand males are at risk of
lung cancer as compared to 51.6% per 100 thousand females. Therefore, The target population of
this study is of higher chances of lung cancer rates due to their occupational factors, smoking and
diet.
II.
The priority population needs assistance in disease prevention and further health education to lower
the risk of lung cancer. The cost of health needs are now rising, to further help our priority
population health education and programs addressing the combat for occurrence of lung cancer will
be beneficial to them. Free health consultations will also help in the early diagnosis of lung cancer
therefore decreasing the rates of lung cancer deaths among middle age eastern men.
III.
Currently, the government is doing objectives to decrease the rates of lung cancer by up to 50%.
Some of them are the American Lung Association, the leading organization that helps to save lives
by conducting research and studies to improve overall lung health of the population.
IV.
The US Preventive Service Task Force (USPSTF) recommended an annual screening for lung
cancer in adults due to the fact that early diagnosis of lung cancer is more amenable to treatment
and has better outcome .
V.
The World Health Organization, American Lung Association, Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention and the Department of Health and Human Services are the agencies that help in
the provision of healthcare needs and protection of the overall health of the population.
VI.
Free consultations in health care centers and further improvement of annual examinations for lung
disease will help in overall betterment of the priority population. Provision of online ads, addressing
the factors and risks of having lung cancer will also help in educating the society. Furthermore, free
health education seminars for employees especially at work or establishments addressing the
prevention of lung cancer will be beneficial to the population.
VII.
As I’ve said from my previous answer, I would like to develop a health care program addressing
lung cancer prevention through seminars and educational programs in each and every establishment
for employees. This will target both healthcare and non healthcare especially those who work at
factories, mining companies, welders, tile workers, construction workers and mechanics. The aim
of this program is to educate them about the risk of lung cancer, to promote annual examinations
for lung cancer diagnosis, and to provide information in the prevention of the disease.
VIII.
One of the challenges in developing and implementing the program is the access to the target
establishment and the health care providers who will conduct the seminars regarding lung cancer.
To tackle these challenges, I will use social media, Facebook, Twitter and Instagram to ask for
volunteer nurses, doctors and other health care workers who are willing to provide free seminars
and information regarding the diseases. Furthermore, I will seek assistance from the government if
I could conduct a program starting from small populations of construction workers up to large
populations if permitted.
IX.
My selected health program benefits the community by slowing the progression of lung cancer
deaths and rates among priority populations. Through giving these free health seminars, lung cancer
rates may be reduced and the information provided and implied to them will help them to be more
health conscious and be aware of the possible disadvantages of smoking, heavy metals and poor
diet. Furthermore, this with genetic predisposing factors may be more aware and may want to be
annual check or diagnosis to prevent late diagnosis and risk of lung cancer,
X.
I will seek help from the government, through online social media platforms and through volunteers
in funding this health education program. I will use social media ads, create a group of volunteers
who are willing to donate for the funding of this program. By doing so, I will be able to maintain
the program and help the community through these small actions.
REFERENCES:
●
Malhotra,
J
et.
al
(2016),
Risk
factors
for
lung
cancer
worldwide,
of
Lung
Cancer,
https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/48/3/889
●
Alberg
et.al
(2013),
Epidemiology
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4694610/
●
Beata Świątkowska (2017), Modifiable Risk factors for the prevention of lung cancer,
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S150713671060048X
●
Huang J, et.al (2022), Distribution, Risk Factors and Temporal Trends for Lung Cancer Incidence
and Mortality, A Global Analysis, https://journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-3692(22)000174/fulltext
●
Chen S, Wu S. Identifying Lung Cancer Risk Factors in the Elderly Using Deep Neural
Networks: Quantitative Analysis of Web-Based Survey Data,
https://www.jmir.org/2020/3/e17695/
● Shi X, et.al (2021), Identification of Genetic Variants Associated with Sex-Specific
Lung-Cancer Risk, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34945000/
● What is Lung Cancer?, https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/basic_info/what-is-lungcancer.htm
● Lung Cancer Screening,
https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lung-cancerscreening
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Project Assignment 5
Mays Karzone
University Of Houston
HLT4310
Eliz Markowitz
June 30, 2022
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Part I: Intervention Activity Paper
I created four activities for the lung cancer health education program. The particular
activity that I decided to develop is providing information about lung cancer signs and
symptoms. I developed the particular intervention activity in the form of a PowerPoint
presentation. The PowerPoint discusses the likelihood of experiencing lung cancer signs and
symptoms in the earlier stage of the disease. It also discusses the importance of early lung cancer
detection for survival. Common and less common lung cancer symptoms are also discussed in
the presentation. Understanding the common and less common lung cancer signs will help the
participants seek urgent medical diagnoses if they have signs and symptoms that they suspect
may result from lung cancer. Seeking urgent care would help increase their survival rate.
The intervention activity supports one of the health education program goals and
objectives. The program goal supported by the activity is to raise the percentage of the target
population members who are aware of lung cancer risk factors, signs and symptoms, and ways of
preventing the development of lung cancer. The intervention activity also supports the particular
goal’s objective, which is to raise lung cancer awareness among about 40% of the priority group
members by the end of 2022. The intervention activity will help raise lung cancer signs and
symptoms awareness. The intervention activity alone will not help fully achieve the stated goal
and objective since the aim is also to raise awareness regarding lung cancer risk factors and ways
of preventing the development of lung cancer. The three other intervention activities crated in
project assignment four will be needed to fully achieve the goal and objective.
The creation of the intervention activity was fully supported by research. I researched the
signs and symptoms of lung cancer. I also researched whether signs and symptoms of lung
cancer are easily detectable in the earlier stages of the disease. My main source of information
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for the intervention activity was a research article published by the United Kingdom’s National
Health Service (NHS). The NHS is a government-funded healthcare and medical service. The
service provides medical care and advice to members of the public. The NHS’s website is a
highly reliable source of health information. The website’s articles are written and reviewed by
qualified health experts on different health subjects. The articles are also supported by highly
reliable sources.
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Appendix: Intervention Activity
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